Kamma is simply action. Within animate organisms there is a power or force, which different names such as instinctive tendencies, consciousness, etc. This innate propensity forces every conscious being to move. He moves mentally or physically. His motion is action. The repetition of actions is habit and habit becomes his character. This process is Kamma in Buddhism. ‘Kamma is volition,’ says the Buddha. In its ultimate sense, Kamma means both good and bad, mental action or volition... Since there are no hidden agent directing or administering rewards and punishments, Buddhist does not rely on prayer to supernatural forces to influence karmic results. According to the Buddha, Kamma is not predestination nor some sort of determinism imposed on us by some mysterious, unknown powers or forces to which we must helplessly submit ourselves. Buddhists believe that man will reap what he has sown; we are the result of what we were, and we will be the result of what we are. In other words, man is not one who will absolutely remain what he was, and he will not continue to remain as what he is. This simply means that Kamma is not complete determinism. The Buddha pointed out that if everything were determined, and then there would be no free will and no moral or spiritual life. We would merely be the slaves of our past. There would be no cultivation of moral and spiritual growth. Therefore, the Buddha accepted neither strict determinism nor strict indeterminism.

Poker Chinese

Chinese 13 Card Poker

Chinese Poker is played with a standard 52-card deck. Up to four players can play.

Each poker player receives 13 cards, face down, one at a time, in rotation. A hand is dealt to all four positions even if vacant. The hand must be arranged with three cards in front, five cards in the middle, and five cards in the back, where the back hand should rank higher or equal to the middle hand, and the middle hand should rank higher than the front hand. Standard poker rankings apply. Straights and flushes do not count in the front hand except in the event of an automatic win.

Scores are kept by points. Each part of the hand is assigned one point. Each point is given a monetary value for each game.

Hands are then compared with each player, one at a time. The poker player with the higher ranking hand in the front segment wins one point. The player with the higher ranking middle hand wins one point. The player with the higher ranking back hand wins one point.

If two out of three of the players' hands ranks higher than an opponent's hand, the first player wins two points. For example, the player would win two points, minus one point (the one an opponent won) plus one point for a majority of segments win, thereby, winning two points total.

If all three parts of the player's hand ranks higher than the opponent's hand, the winner gets four points. (The player wins three points (net win), one point for winning each of the three hands minus zero points (the opponent didn't win any) plus one point for the majority of hands won, totaling four points.)

Automatic Win

There are also hands known as an "automatic win" and the player may declare the win by placing the stack of cards down on the table. However, the player must declare the automatic win before the hands are opened, otherwise the hands will play the way the player sets. The automatic win hands are as follows:

1. The Dragon Hand: Ace through King of any suit. This hand beats all other automatic win hands.
2. Any 13-card hand that has six pairs. Note that four-of-a-kind can be counted as two pairs.
3. Any 13-card hand that has suited cards in all three parts.
4. Any 13-card hand that has straights in all three parts.

A Straight Flush can be used as a Straight or a Flush for bonus hands.

Improperly Set Hands

A hand is set improperly if: Any part of the three segment hands has the wrong number of cards; or, any part of the three segment hands are set out of ranking order. Any player that sets his or her hand improperly must pay four points to all of the other players.

Eastern, Western and Mandarin Bonus Points Variations

Eastern Version point awarding Variation: The play of the poker game is the same as 13 Card Poker. In addition to the basic point system as in 13 Card Poker, bonus systems of awarding points is used for making certain hands in the front, middle and back positions. In addition to the basic point system, points can be earned on bonus hands as follows: (a) Bonus point hands in the back: (1) straight flush-five (5) points; (2) Four of a kind- four (4) points. (b) Bonus point hand in the middle: (1) straight flush - then (10) points; (2) Four of a kind - eight (8) points; (3) Full house - two (2) points. (c) Bonus point hands in the front: (1) Three of a kind - three (3) points. If a player wins two out of three hands, the player is awarded two points for their winning hands and loses one point to his opponent for a total of one point from that opponent. When a bonus hand is involved, the winning hand earns only the bonus hand points.

Western Version point awarding Variation: The play of the poker game is the same as 13 Card Poker. In addition to the basic point system, this point system awards one additional point to the poker player who wins the majority of hands. If a player beats his opponent two out of three hands, they receive a total of two points for their winning hands.

Mandarin Version point awarding Variation: The play of the game is the same as 13 Card Poker with opportunities to earn extra points. A player earns one point for each winning hand as in 13 Card Poker. Three of a kind in the front hand triples the point value. A bonus can be received which awards additional points for making certain hands in the front, middle and back positions. If a bonus hand is present, the points for that bonus hand are then added on. Two special bonus situations can occur, the "shot" and the "home run." A "shot" situation occurs when a player wins all three hands against an opponent. The regular point value for each hand is doubles and added to the total. A "home run" situation occurs, only in a four-handed game, when a player wins all three hands on the showdown against all three of their opponents. The regular point value for each hand is tripled and added to the total.

In poker, dead money is the amount of money in the pot other than the equal amounts bet by active remaining players in that pot. Examples of dead money include money contributed to the pot by players who have folded, a dead blind posted by a player returning to a game after missing blinds, or an odd chip left in the pot from a previous deal. For example, eight players each ante $1, one player opens for $2, and gets two callers, making the pot total $14. Three players are now in the pot having contributed $3 each, for $9 live money; the remaining $5 representing the antes of the players who folded is dead money. The amount of dead money in a pot affects the pot odds of plays or rules of thumb that are based on the number of players. The term dead money is also used in a derogatory sense to refer to money put in the pot by players who are still legally eligible to win it, but who are unlikely to do so because they are unskilled, increasing the expected return of other players. This can also be applied to the player himself: Let's invite John every week; he's dead money. The term dead money also applies in tournaments, when many casual players enter events with virtually no chance of winning.

Poker Tournament

A poker tournament is a tournament where players compete by playing poker. It can feature as few as two players playing on a single table called a "heads-up" tournament, and as many as tens of thousands of players playing on thousands of tables. The winner of the tournament is usually the person who wins every poker chip in the game and the others are awarded places based on the time of their elimination. To facilitate this, in most tournaments, blinds rise over the duration of the tournament. Unlike in a ring game or cash game, a player's chips in a tournament cannot be cashed out for money and serve only to determine the player's placing.

To enter a typical tournament, a player pays a fixed buy-in and at the start of play is given a certain quantity of tournament poker chips. Commercial venues may also charge a separate fee, or withhold a small portion of the buy-in, as the cost of running the event. Tournament chips have only notional value; they have no cash value, and only the tournament chips, not cash, may be used during play. Typically, the amount of each entrant's starting tournament chips is an integer multiple of the buy-in. Some tournaments offer the option of a re-buy or buy-back; this gives players the option of purchasing more chips. In some cases, re-buys are conditional for example, offered only to players low on or out of chips but in others they are available to all players called add-ons. When a player has no chips remaining and has exhausted or declined all re-buy options, if any are available he or she is eliminated from the tournament.

In most tournaments, the number of players at each table is kept even by moving players, either by switching one player or as the field shrinks taking an entire table out of play and distributing its players amongst the remaining tables. A few tournaments, called shoot-outs, do not do this; instead, the last player sometimes the last two or more players at a table moves on to a second or third round, akin to a single-elimination tournament found in other games.